发表更新经验分享 / 实用技巧13 分钟读完 (大约1887个字)

解决macOS Monterey 12.3没有python2的问题

问题

当Mac升级到macOS Monterey 12.3之后，你会发现 python2 不见了，输入 python 也提示 找不到

1
2
➜  ~ python -m pip install --user virtualenv
zsh: command not found: python

解决

如果我么将 macOS 更新到 Monterey 12.3 ，就会发现突然不再拥有系统提供的 Python 2。

原因是苹果删除了系统提供的python 2安装（详情）。

因此，解决方法/解决方案是使用 pyenv 安装 python 2.7（或您需要的任何其他特定版本）。

使用 brew 安装 pyenv 以管理不同的 python 版本： 

1
brew install pyenv

安装日志如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
➜  ~ brew install pyenv
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/m4-1.4.19.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/autoconf-2.71.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/ca-certificates-2022-04-26.all.bottle.t
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/openssl%401.1-1.1.1o.monterey.bottle.ta
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/pyenv-2.3.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Installing dependencies for pyenv: m4, autoconf, ca-certificates and [email protected]
==> Installing pyenv dependency: m4
==> Pouring m4-1.4.19.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/m4/1.4.19: 13 files, 740.7KB
==> Installing pyenv dependency: autoconf
==> Pouring autoconf-2.71.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/autoconf/2.71: 71 files, 3.2MB
==> Installing pyenv dependency: ca-certificates
==> Pouring ca-certificates-2022-04-26.all.bottle.tar.gz
==> Regenerating CA certificate bundle from keychain, this may take a while...
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/ca-certificates/2022-04-26: 3 files, 215.5KB
==> Installing pyenv dependency: [email protected]
==> Pouring [email protected]
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/1.1.1o: 8,089 files, 18.5MB
==> Installing pyenv
==> Pouring pyenv-2.3.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/pyenv/2.3.0: 917 files, 3.0MB
==> Running `brew cleanup pyenv`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
==> Upgrading 7 dependents of upgraded formulae:
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALLED_DEPENDENTS_CHECK.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
iproute2mac 1.3.0_2 -> 1.4.0, nginx 1.21.6 -> 1.21.6_1, [email protected] 3.10.2 -> 3.10.4, [email protected] 3.9.10 -> 3.9.12, redis 6.2.6 -> 7.0.0, ruby 3.1.0 -> 3.1.2, wget 1.21.2 -> 1.21.3
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/sqlite-3.38.5.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/python%403.10-3.10.4.monterey.bottle.ta
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/ruby-3.1.2.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/iproute2mac-1.4.0.all.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/pcre2-10.40.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/nginx-1.21.6_1.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/python%403.9-3.9.12.monterey.bottle.tar
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/redis-7.0.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/wget-1.21.3.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Upgrading [email protected]
  3.10.2 -> 3.10.4

==> Installing dependencies for [email protected]: sqlite
==> Installing [email protected] dependency: sqlite
==> Pouring sqlite-3.38.5.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.38.5: 11 files, 4.4MB
==> Installing [email protected]
==> Pouring [email protected]
==> /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.10.4/bin/python3 -m ensurepip
==> /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.10.4/bin/python3 -m pip install -v --no-deps --no-index --upgrad
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.10.4: 3,138 files, 56.6MB
==> Running `brew cleanup [email protected]`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.10.2... (3,133 files, 56.4MB)
==> Upgrading ruby
  3.1.0 -> 3.1.2

==> Pouring ruby-3.1.2.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"

==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/ruby/3.1.2: 15,996 files, 41MB
==> Running `brew cleanup ruby`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/ruby/3.1.0... (15,942 files, 39.6MB)
==> Upgrading iproute2mac
  1.3.0_2 -> 1.4.0

==> Pouring iproute2mac-1.4.0.all.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/iproute2mac/1.4.0: 6 files, 29.4KB
==> Running `brew cleanup iproute2mac`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/iproute2mac/1.3.0_2... (6 files, 23.7KB)
==> Upgrading nginx
  1.21.6 -> 1.21.6_1

==> Installing dependencies for nginx: pcre2
==> Installing nginx dependency: pcre2
==> Pouring pcre2-10.40.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/pcre2/10.40: 230 files, 6.4MB
==> Installing nginx
==> Pouring nginx-1.21.6_1.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www

The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.

nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.

To restart nginx after an upgrade:
  brew services restart nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/nginx/bin/nginx -g daemon off;
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.21.6_1: 26 files, 2.2MB
==> Running `brew cleanup nginx`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.21.6... (26 files, 2.2MB)
==> Upgrading [email protected]
  3.9.10 -> 3.9.12

==> Pouring [email protected]
==> /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.9.12/bin/python3 -m ensurepip
==> /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.9.12/bin/python3 -m pip install -v --no-deps --no-index --upgrade
==> Caveats
Python has been installed as
  /usr/local/bin/python3

Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
  /usr/local/opt/[email protected]/libexec/bin

You can install Python packages with
  pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
  /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages

tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
  brew install [email protected]

See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.9.12: 3,088 files, 55.5MB
==> Running `brew cleanup [email protected]`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/[email protected]/3.9.10... (3,102 files, 55MB)
==> Upgrading redis
  6.2.6 -> 7.0.0

==> Pouring redis-7.0.0.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
To restart redis after an upgrade:
  brew services restart redis
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/redis/7.0.0: 14 files, 2.6MB
==> Running `brew cleanup redis`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/redis/6.2.6... (14 files, 2.0MB)
==> Upgrading wget
  1.21.2 -> 1.21.3

==> Pouring wget-1.21.3.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.21.3: 89 files, 4.2MB
==> Running `brew cleanup wget`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/wget/1.21.2... (89 files, 4.2MB)
==> Checking for dependents of upgraded formulae...
==> No broken dependents found!
==> Caveats
==> ruby
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"

==> nginx
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www

The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.

nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.

To restart nginx after an upgrade:
  brew services restart nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/nginx/bin/nginx -g daemon off;
==> [email protected]
Python has been installed as
  /usr/local/bin/python3

Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
  /usr/local/opt/[email protected]/libexec/bin

You can install Python packages with
  pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
  /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages

tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
  brew install [email protected]

See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
==> redis
To restart redis after an upgrade:
  brew services restart redis
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
➜  ~

使用 pyenv install --list 列出所有可安装版本

使用 pyenv install 2.7.18 安装 python 2.7.18

使用 pyenv 版本列出已安装的版本

使用 pyenv global 2.7.18 设置全局 python 版本

将 eval "$(pyenv init --path)" 添加到 ~/.zprofile（或 ~/.bash_profile 或 ~/.zshrc）

1
2
3
4
5
# pyenv
export PYENV_ROOR="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH=$PYENV_ROOT/shims:$PATH
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

出错解决

1
pyenv: no such command virtualenv-init

没有下载 pyenv-virtualenv

1
git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git ~/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

重新启动 shell 并检查 python 是否正常工作。

使用指南

常用命令

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
pyenv install --list # 列出可安装版本
pyenv install <version> # 安装对应版本
pyenv install -v <version> # 安装对应版本，若发生错误，可以显示详细的错误信息
pyenv versions # 显示当前使用的python版本
pyenv which python # 显示当前python安装路径
pyenv global <version> # 设置默认Python版本
pyenv local <env> # 当前路径创建一个.python-version文件, 以后进入这个目录自动切换为该版本，注意<env> 必须为虚拟环境，不能是python版本
pyenv shell <version> # 当前shell的session中启用某版本，优先级高于global 及 local

使用 virtualenv

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
pyenv virtualenv venv # 从默认版本创建虚拟环境
pyenv virtualenv 3.10.4 venv-3.10.4 # 创建3.10.4版本的虚拟环境

pyenv activate venv
pyenv activate venv-3.10.4 # 激活 env-3.10.4 这个虚拟环境

pyenv deactivate # 停用当前的虚拟环境

# 自动激活
# 使用pyenv local 虚拟环境名
# 会把`虚拟环境名`写入当前目录的.python-version文件中
# 关闭自动激活 -> pyenv deactivate
# 启动自动激活 -> pyenv activate venv-3.10.4
pyenv local venv
pyenv local venv-3.10.4

pyenv uninstall venv
pyenv uninstall venv-3.10.4 # 删除 env-3.10.4 这个虚拟环境

删除虚拟环境

1
2
pyenv virtualenv-delete venv
pyenv virtualenv-delete venv-3.10.4

解决macOS Monterey 12.3没有python2的问题

https://hexo.terwer.space/post/how-to-fix-zsh-command-not-found-python-error-macos-monterey-12-3-python.html

作者

Terwer

发布于

2022-05-09

更新于

2022-05-09

许可协议

#

喜欢这篇文章？打赏一下作者吧

评论

目录

最新文章

×